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1 reproducible art
оригинал, пригодный для репродуцированияEnglish-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > reproducible art
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2 reproducible art
Полиграфия: фотокопия, используемая в качестве оригинала -
3 reproducible art
1) фотокопия, используемая в качестве оригинала2) оригинал, пригодный для репродуцированияАнгло-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > reproducible art
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4 art
1. искусство2. ремесло3. искусство травленияmartial art — "искусство боя"
4. искусство гравирования5. офортная манераbase art — чёрно-белый оригинал, воспроизводимый чёрной краской на многокрасочном оттиске
6. переплётное делоstate of the art — современное состояние, положение дел
7. искусство переплётаCAD generated art — машинный оригинал, выполненный в системе автоматизированного проектирования
camera-ready art — оригинал, подготовленный к фотографированию
comp art — машинный оригинал; оригинал, выполненный с помощью ЭВМ
8. графическое искусство, графика9. изобразительный оригиналkey art — чёрно-белый оригинал, воспроизводимый чёрной краской на многокрасочном оттиске
10. рисование пером и тушьюcalendar art — рисунки, рассчитанные на мещанский вкус; сентиментальные или вульгарно-комические рисунки
11. графический оригинал, выполненный пером и тушьюboard art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
12. полиграфия13. полиграфическое искусство, искусство книгопечатания14. фотокопия, используемая в качестве оригинала15. оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования16. печатное дело17. типографское искусство18. видеоживопись19. машинный изобразительный оригиналart printing office — типография, выпускающая изобразительные издания
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5 art
1) искусство2) ремесло3) (изобразительный) оригинал (кроме изготовленного фотографическим способом)- base art- clip art- comp art- key art- line artАнгло-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > art
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6 reproducible
воспроизводимый, годный для печатания, годный для репродуцированияreproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
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7 CAD generated art
машинный оригинал, выполненный в системе автоматизированного проектированияboard art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > CAD generated art
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8 camera-ready art
оригинал, подготовленный к фотографированиюreproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > camera-ready art
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9 comp art
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
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10 continuous-tone art
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > continuous-tone art
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11 finished art
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
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12 key art
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
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13 line art
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
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14 oversize art
reproducible art — оригинал, пригодный для репродуцирования
board art — оригинал, смонтированный на картоне
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15 фотокопия, используемая в качестве оригинала
Polygraphy: reproducible artУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > фотокопия, используемая в качестве оригинала
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16 Berliner, Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 20 May 1851 Hannover, Germanyd. 3 August 1929 Montreal, Canada[br]German (naturalized American) inventor, developer of the disc record and lateral mechanical replay.[br]After arriving in the USA in 1870 and becoming an American citizen, Berliner worked as a dry-goods clerk in Washington, DC, and for a period studied electricity at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. He invented an improved microphone and set up his own experimental laboratory in Washington, DC. He developed a microphone for telephone use and sold the rights to the Bell Telephone Company. Subsequently he was put in charge of their laboratory, remaining in that position for eight years. In 1881 Berliner, with his brothers Joseph and Jacob, founded the J.Berliner Telephonfabrik in Hanover, the first factory in Europe specializing in telephone equipment.Inspired by the development work performed by T.A. Edison and in the Volta Laboratory (see C.S. Tainter), he analysed the existing processes for recording and reproducing sound and in 1887 developed a process for transferring lateral undulations scratched in soot into an etched groove that would make a needle and diaphragm vibrate. Using what may be regarded as a combination of the Phonautograph of Léon Scott de Martinville and the photo-engraving suggested by Charles Cros, in May 1887 he thus demonstrated the practicability of the laterally recorded groove. He termed the apparatus "Gramophone". In November 1887 he applied the principle to a glass disc and obtained an inwardly spiralling, modulated groove in copper and zinc. In March 1888 he took the radical step of scratching the lateral vibrations directly onto a rotating zinc disc, the surface of which was protected, and the subsequent etching created the groove. Using well-known principles of printing-plate manufacture, he developed processes for duplication by making a negative mould from which positive copies could be pressed in a thermoplastic compound. Toy gramophones were manufactured in Germany from 1889 and from 1892–3 Berliner manufactured both records and gramophones in the USA. The gramophones were hand-cranked at first, but from 1896 were based on a new design by E.R. Johnson. In 1897–8 Berliner spread his activities to England and Germany, setting up a European pressing plant in the telephone factory in Hanover, and in 1899 a Canadian company was formed. Various court cases over patents removed Berliner from direct running of the reconstructed companies, but he retained a major economic interest in E.R. Johnson's Victor Talking Machine Company. In later years Berliner became interested in aeronautics, in particular the autogiro principle. Applied acoustics was a continued interest, and a tile for controlling the acoustics of large halls was successfully developed in the 1920s.[br]Bibliography16 May 1888, Journal of the Franklin Institute 125 (6) (Lecture of 16 May 1888) (Berliner's early appreciation of his own work).1914, Three Addresses, privately printed (a history of sound recording). US patent no. 372,786 (basic photo-engraving principle).US patent no. 382,790 (scratching and etching).US patent no. 534,543 (hand-cranked gramophone).Further ReadingR.Gelatt, 1977, The Fabulous Phonograph, London: Cassell (a well-researched history of reproducible sound which places Berliner's contribution in its correct perspective). J.R.Smart, 1985, "Emile Berliner and nineteenth-century disc recordings", in WonderfulInventions, ed. Iris Newson, Washington, DC: Library of Congress, pp. 346–59 (provides a reliable account).O.Read and W.L.Welch, 1959, From Tin Foil to Stereo, Indianapolis: Howard W.Sams, pp. 119–35 (provides a vivid account, albeit with less precision).GB-N
См. также в других словарях:
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